International Journal of Health & Complementary Medicine

Multidrug resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from human clinical samples in different age and sex groups in Mirpur area, Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Nazrin Sultana — 2022-07-19

There is a high degree of antibiotic resistance, which poses a regional and global threat. Mortality and economic burden have increased worldwide due to antibiotic resistance. Bangladesh is a developing country in Southeast Asia and facing challenges of multi-drug resistance. Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that causes skin and soft tissue infection, especially abscess formation. The present study was conducted to find out the multi-drug resistance pattern of isolated Staphylococcus aureus from pus samples. A prospective study was carried out at Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh, and 80 samples were collected by using the purposive sampling technique. The antibiotic susceptibility of the S. aureus isolates was determined using the standard disc-diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method. Antibiotics Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (Amo+CA), Co-trimoxazole (COT), Doxycycline (DO), Azithromycin (AZM), Cefixime (CFX), Ceftriaxone (CTR), Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Nalidixic acid (NA), Gentamycin (GEN), Chloramphenicol (C), Nitrofurantoin (NIT), Meconium (MEC), Levofloxacin (LEVO) and Meropenem (MEM) were used for the study. It was seen that 0 % (Cefixime) to 82.5% (Mecilinam) of S. aureus is resistant to the antibiotics used against them. Ceftriaxone (96.25% sensitive) is the best drug for the treatment of S. aureus infection followed by meropenem (95 % sensitive). Due to some limitations, it could not become to a concrete conclusion. It is necessary to conduct further large-scale studies considering the present study scenario

Effect of Panchatikta Ghrita Guggulu (PTK-G) on Hematological and Biochemical parameters after long term use in Eczematized patients of Bangladesh

Shurab Hossain — 2022-07-19

Ayurveda is one the oldest healing system in the world originated in India and is also native to Bangladesh, and more than 500 compound formulations are available commercially in Bangladesh. Panchatikta Ghrita Guggulu (PTK-G) is one of the leading products in Bangladesh used for skin disease as well as many other ailments though the safety data are lacking due to a few studies on it, especially in Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to find out the effect of PTK-G on hematological and biochemical parameters after long-term use of the drug in eczematized patients of Bangladesh. A quantitative experimental Pre-test and a post-test study were designed and carried out among 20 patients aged between 12 years to 60 years. Patients were selected by the quasi-random sampling method. PTK-G is manufactured as per Bangladesh National Ayurvedic Formulary. Each patent was administered a 500 mg capsule orally three times a day after a meal for 6 weeks without taking any other drug concomitantly. The Pre and Post treatment blood samples were collected to investigate the CBC, Total Protein, S. albumin, S. globulin, Albumin-Globulin ratio, Liver function test, and Kidney function test as hematological and biochemical parameters. In this study, there was a decrease in hemoglobin level, and a total count of WBC, and ESR which were not statistically significant. A noticeable decrease in ESR (44.12%, p=0.096) content was noted. The eosinophil count decreased very significantly (p-0.015). Other biochemical tests especially Kidney function, liver function, and total proteins were within normal limits after long-term administration of PTK-G. All the effects of PTK-G were not clearly visible, because of the unavailability of the necessary facilities to run such a large number of experiments. The actual causes of the above-mentioned effects were not clear at present, and need further extensive studies to draw a better conclusion in the future. But we may summarize that PTK-G is safe to use within recommended therapeutic dose and able to improve eczema.

Symptomatic Evaluation of Ayurvedic Formulation Panchatikta Ghrita Guggulu (PTK-G) used in Eczema in Bangladesh

Shurab Hossain — 2022-07-19

Ayurveda is one the oldest healing system in the world originated in India and is also native to Bangladesh, and more than 300 compound formulations are available commercially in Bangladesh. Panchatikta Ghrita Guggulu (PTK-G) is one of the leading products in Bangladesh used for skin disease as well as many other ailments through the efficacy data are lacking due to a few studies on it, especially in Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of symptomatic evaluation. A quantitative pre-test and post-test study were designed and 20 eczema patients of both sexes were selected quasi-randomly from Kaliakoire, Gazipur, Bangladesh in 2014 and administered 500 mg capsule 3 times a day for 6 weeks. Demographic pattern, itching, vesicle formation, oozing, fissure, swelling of a lesion, and size of the lesion were measured, and pictorial evaluation was done before and after the study. The prevalence is higher in female patients than in males i.e 70 % of female patients suffer from eczema. Lesion size was improved by 69.47% which was statistically significant (p=0.002). There were 90.23%, 55.75%, 86.40%, 81.34%, and 76.84% decreases noted in itching, vesicle formation, oozing, fissure, and swelling respectively which were statistically significant.

Throughout the experiment, it may be assumed that PTK-G is an effective drug for eczema, though the effects are not clearly visible and required further study on large scale.

COVID-19: A Correlation between Pathogenic Progress Stages and Bodily Organic Change States in Human Body

M Jahangir — 2022-07-19

The innate cause of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (Coronavirus) is it affects the mucus membranes of the human body, especially the bronchus, lungs, and lining membrane of the digestive system. In an advanced condition, it affects the liver, kidneys, and nervous system. A full length of the disease expansion can be shared in 5 (five) states on account of the pathogenic progress stages (PPS), and the bodily organic change states (OCS) that could be divided into 4 (four) sequential parts. The t three states are - the infecto-inflammatory state, functional failure state, morphological deterioration state, and a closing state consisting of recovery or death. A correlation between PPS and OCS has been done here. Early recovery and nearer to “0” casualty from COVID - 19 can be made by adapting three essential measures in the COVID pandemic; these are as follows – first, the medicinal treatment should be deducting immune losing medicines (health friendly) for the immune progression; second, pre-state oriented treatment (POT) for avoiding organ destruction and third, home isolation is preferable, and hospitalization for serious cases.